Hypofunction of an endocrine gland refers to decreased hormone production from that gland. Based on the conditions you provided, the following are associated with hypofunction:
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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - This is an autoimmune condition that leads to hypothyroidism (hypofunction of the thyroid gland).
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Central diabetes insipidus - This condition involves a deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) due to dysfunction of the posterior pituitary, which can be seen as a hypofunction.
The other conditions listed are associated with hyperfunction or increased hormone production:
- Graves’ disease - This is characterized by hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism.
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) - In this condition, there is excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and hyponatremia, indicating hyperfunction.
- Acromegaly - This is caused by excess growth hormone, typically due to a pituitary adenoma, representing hyperfunction.
Thus, the correct answers for hypofunction of an endocrine gland are:
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Central diabetes insipidus