how were coffee and sugar plantations in Hawaii a threat to tribal sovereignty?

Question

a-these plantations forced indigenous people off the land they had lived on for generations.
b-these plantations used manifest destiny to force indigenous people off their lands.
c-these plantations were not a threat to tribal sovereignty.
d-these plantations forced indigenous people to trap furs, or their families would be killed.

Answer 1

a - these plantations forced indigenous people off the land they had lived on for generations.