how we understand that yaw angle will be positive or negative the aircraft get?

Answer 1

The yaw angle of an aircraft is typically measured relative to a reference point or axis. To understand whether the yaw angle will be positive or negative, you need to consider the direction of rotation or movement.

1. Yaw Motion: Yaw refers to the rotation of an aircraft around its vertical axis, which runs from the top of the aircraft to the bottom. Yawing to the right creates a positive yaw angle, and yawing to the left creates a negative yaw angle.

2. Reference Point: The reference point used to measure the yaw angle can vary. Generally, it is based on the aircraft's standard position, where the nose points forward, the wings are level, and the tail is straight. The angle measured will be positive or negative depending on the direction of rotation relative to this reference point.

3. Instrumentation: Modern aircraft are equipped with various sensors and instruments, including an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) or gyroscope, which measures the orientation and rotation rates of the aircraft. This information is used to calculate the yaw angle, and it is often displayed on a Primary Flight Display (PFD) or Flight Management System (FMS) for the pilots to monitor.

By observing the yaw angle indications on these instruments, pilots can determine whether the aircraft is experiencing positive or negative yaw motion based on the direction of rotation relative to the reference point.