Determining a sample size for a qualitative study is not based on statistical calculations. It is dependent on the research question, the research design, and the saturation point. Here are some steps to follow:
1. Define the research question: The first step is to identify the research question and what the study aims to achieve.
2. Determine the research design: Depending on the research question, the study can have different research designs, like case studies, ethnography, or grounded theory.
3. Choose the sampling strategy: Qualitative research uses purposive sampling, which means that the researcher selects participants who are relevant to the research question. Common sampling strategies are maximum variation, typical case, or snowball sampling.
4. Check for saturation: Though a sample size is not defined, researchers should aim to reach saturation. Saturation is the point in the analysis where no new information or themes emerge from the data. When the researcher reaches saturation, collecting more data becomes redundant.
5. Consider ethical considerations: In qualitative research, researchers must ensure that the participants' voices are heard ethically. Therefore, the sample size should be adequate to ensure that the study results are reliable and ethically sound.
6. Get feedback: After defining the sample size, it is recommended to get feedback from peers or consultants to assess the adequacy of the sample size.
In conclusion, there is no set formula for determining sample size for qualitative research. Researchers should keep in mind the research question, study design, saturation point, ethical considerations, and feedback from peers.
How to find a sample size for qualitative study
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