To count the number of terms in the polynomial \( x^5 + 2x^3 - x^2 + 7 \), we identify each individual term separated by plus or minus signs. The polynomial has the following terms:
- \( x^5 \)
- \( 2x^3 \)
- \( -x^2 \)
- \( 7 \)
There are 4 distinct terms in total.
Therefore, the correct answer is 4 terms.