The field of graphic design, as we understand it today, began to take shape in the late 19th century with the advent of printing technologies. However, the roots of graphic design can be traced back several centuries through the use of typography, illustration, and layout in various forms of communication.
For a more precise answer, if we define graphic design as a distinct field emerging with modern techniques and principles, it is generally considered to have been developing for about 150-175 years. This would place the timeline around the mid-to-late 19th century (approximately the 1850s).
So, the most accurate choice from the options you've provided would be "about 175 years."