Spanish rule in South America began in the early 16th century, around the 1500s, following the Spanish conquest of various indigenous empires, such as the Inca and the Aztec. The rule continued until the early 19th century, with many South American countries achieving independence between 1810 and 1825. Thus, Spanish control over South America lasted approximately 300 years.
Notable figures in the independence movements included Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, who played crucial roles in liberating several countries from Spanish colonial rule. Bolívar, for instance, successfully led campaigns that resulted in the independence of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, while San Martín was instrumental in freeing Argentina and Chile.