In the sentence "Teflon®, a nonstick coating material, is a chemical cohesion," the commas are used to set off the phrase "a nonstick coating material," which is an appositive. An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or provides additional information about another noun right next to it. In this case, "a nonstick coating material" provides specific information about "Teflon®."
So, the correct answer is appositive.