While option 3 ("Reveal information about the past that gives readers clues about something happening in the present") is indeed a strong way that flashbacks can create a sense of mystery, all four options you provided can contribute to a mysterious atmosphere in different ways. Here's how each option plays a role:
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Childhood Moments: Showing a character during a childhood moment can establish a foundation for their personality, fears, or motivations. This background can create a sense of mystery if the childhood event is tied to a secret or unresolved issue that influences their current actions or relationships.
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Information Asymmetry: Giving the reader information that some characters do not have can create suspense and tension. Readers may anticipate how the characters will react when they eventually discover this hidden information, enhancing the overall mystery.
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Clues About the Present: As mentioned, flashbacks revealing past events that connect to the present can create intrigue as readers piece together how the past influences current events. This layering of time can lead to a more profound mystery about character motives or plot developments.
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Shocking Revelations: Flashbacks that reveal shocking past events can dramatically alter the reader's understanding of characters or situations in the present. This technique can enhance the mystery by explaining motivations or introducing unexpected twists in the narrative.
In conclusion, while option 3 is a valid choice for creating mystery through flashbacks, all the options contribute in their own ways. Each technique can engage readers and keep them guessing about the unfolding story.