To determine how far away from each other the numbers 10 and -11 would be on a number line (or thermometer), you would find the distance between them by subtracting the smaller number from the larger number:
Distance = 10 - (-11) = 10 + 11 = 21.
So, 10 and -11 are 21 spaces apart on the number line.
As for your second question about what you understand better now that you've completed the RLO (Resource-Learning Object), it seems subjective. However, some common insights that people might gain could include a better understanding of how to read and interpret numbers on a number line, the concept of distance between numbers (including positive and negative), or enhanced skills in visualizing numerical relationships.