Upwelling is the process that occurs when cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the deep ocean to the surface, displacing warmer surface waters. In the context of how upwelling affects the weather of a coastal region, it usually leads to cooler surface temperatures. The correct response from the options provided is:
The cold surface water results in moist air and more rainfall.
This occurs because the cooler waters can lead to conditions that promote cloud formation and precipitation.