How the Body Processes Alcohol
1. Ingestion & Absorption: When alcohol is consumed, it enters the stomach and small intestine. About 20% is absorbed directly through the stomach lining, while the remaining 80% is absorbed in the small intestine. This process can take only a few minutes, leading to rapid intoxication.
2. Bloodstream Distribution: Once in the bloodstream, alcohol circulates throughout the body. It affects the central nervous system, specifically targeting the brain and impairing cognitive functions, motor skills, and decision-making. This is why alcohol can alter mood and behavior.
3. Metabolism in the Liver: The liver is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol. Enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) break down alcohol into acetaldehyde, a toxic compound. The liver can metabolize about one standard drink per hour.
4. Acetaldehyde Breakdown: Acetaldehyde is further broken down into acetic acid, which is less harmful. This process happens with the help of another enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). If alcohol consumption exceeds the liver’s processing ability, toxins can build up, leading to intoxication and health problems.
5. Long-Term Effects: Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to serious health issues, including liver diseases (like fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis), cardiovascular problems, and increased risk of certain cancers. Other organs such as the pancreas and brain can also suffer damage, affecting digestion and mental health.
Understanding these processes highlights the importance of responsible drinking and the potential risks associated with alcohol consumption.
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