The correct answer is:
C. By detecting many types of radiation with both earth-based and space-based telescopes.
Space research utilizes the electromagnetic spectrum to detect various types of radiation, including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. This allows scientists to gather information about celestial bodies and phenomena that cannot be observed with the naked eye. Both ground-based and space-based telescopes are designed to capture these different wavelengths, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the universe.