Nicotine primarily affects the respiratory system through its action on the central nervous system and its impact on the body's response to inhaled substances. Here’s a breakdown of how nicotine affects the respiratory system based on the options you provided:
-
It increases some reflex actions. - True. Nicotine can stimulate certain reflexes associated with respiration, although this is more nuanced and can vary in intensity and outcome.
-
It increases muscle action in the airways. - True to some extent. Nicotine can cause some changes in airway muscle tone but is more commonly associated with bronchoconstriction or inflammation, especially in the context of chronic use or smoking.
-
It decreases mucus production. - False. Nicotine generally increases mucus production, especially when combined with other components of tobacco smoke. This can lead to chronic respiratory issues.
-
It causes breathing to become shallow. - True. Nicotine can lead to shallow breathing due to its stimulating effects on the respiratory centers in the brain and potential airway constriction.
Overall, nicotine has complex effects on the respiratory system, and many of its impacts can be exacerbated by other substances found in tobacco products, especially when smoking. Long-term exposure can lead to significant respiratory issues, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and increased susceptibility to infections.