Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in determining the properties of water when it freezes. Here's how it relates to the statements you've provided:
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It causes ice to become more dense than water.
- False. Ice is actually less dense than liquid water due to the hydrogen bonds that form a crystalline structure when water freezes, which results in an open lattice arrangement. This is why ice floats on water.
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It makes ice float on top of water instead of sink.
- True. The lower density of ice compared to liquid water, due to the hydrogen bonds creating a less compact structure, causes ice to float on top of water.
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It allows the water to evaporate as it freeze.
- False. Water does not evaporate as it freezes. In fact, the process of freezing involves the formation of stable hydrogen bonds, which leads to a decrease in the kinetic energy of water molecules, making them less likely to escape into the vapor phase.
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It created tight spaces between water molecules.
- False. In the liquid phase, water molecules are relatively close together, but when water freezes, hydrogen bonding arranges the molecules into a more open structure, creating space between them in the crystalline form of ice.
In summary, hydrogen bonding accounts for the fact that ice floats on water (statement 2), while statements 1, 3, and 4 do not accurately reflect the effects of hydrogen bonding on the properties of water when it freezes.
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