Burning fossil fuels primarily increases the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. When fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are combusted, they release CO2 as a byproduct. This increase in CO2 is a significant contributor to climate change and global warming.
To clarify the other options:
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Increases the amount of oxygen: This statement is incorrect. Burning fossil fuels consumes oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and does not contribute to increasing atmospheric oxygen levels.
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Decreases the concentration of nitrous oxide: Burning fossil fuels can actually lead to an increase in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, especially from vehicles and certain industrial processes.
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Decreases the concentration of methane: Burning fossil fuels does not decrease methane concentration. In fact, the extraction and transportation of fossil fuels can lead to methane leaks, which may increase overall methane concentrations in the atmosphere.
In summary, the correct answer regarding the effect of burning fossil fuels on atmospheric composition is that it increases the concentration of carbon dioxide.