Marine iguanas, native to the Galápagos Islands, have adapted to their environment in several ways that allow them to maintain homeostasis despite a diet high in salt. Here are the key adaptations they use:
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Salt Glands: Marine iguanas possess specialized salt glands located near their eyes. These glands effectively excrete excess salt absorbed from seawater and their diets (primarily algae). The salt is expelled through the nostrils, allowing the iguanas to maintain electrolyte balance.
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Behavioral Adaptations: They exhibit specific behaviors, such as basking in the sun on rocks to regulate their body temperature and reduce water loss. By selecting optimal basking spots, they can manage their body temperature effectively.
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Water Conservation: Marine iguanas are capable of surviving with limited freshwater. They can extract moisture from the algae they consume, which helps minimize their overall water loss in a saline environment.
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Dietary Adaptations: Although they consume saltwater algae, their feeding behavior is adapted to minimize salt intake. They selectively feed on certain types of algae that help reduce their overall salt absorption.
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Physiological Adaptations: Their kidneys also play a role in managing salt levels by producing urine that is more concentrated, effectively excreting excess salts while retaining necessary water.
Through these adaptations, marine iguanas can thrive in their saline environment while successfully regulating their internal conditions and maintaining homeostasis.
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