The most accurate answer to how volcanic eruptions affect local ecosystems, particularly in the immediate aftermath, is:
A. Volcanic eruptions cause destruction of local ecosystems, including plant life, animal habitats, and agricultural areas, making recovery slow.
In the aftermath of a volcanic eruption, the immediate effects include destruction of existing vegetation, alteration of landscapes, and disruption of animal habitats. The release of ash and lava can bury habitats and render areas uninhabitable for a period of time. While volcanic ash can eventually contribute to soil fertility and support new growth, the initial recovery process is typically slow and challenging for the local ecosystems.