The terms "genotype" and "phenotype" refer to different aspects of an organism's characteristics and traits:
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Genotype: This term refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles (variations of genes) that it carries. The genotype encompasses all the inherited instructions that can influence phenotype and can include traits that are not visibly expressed. Genotype is often denoted using various notations, such as letter combinations (e.g., AA, Aa, aa) for traits governed by single genes.
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Phenotype: This term refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which result from the interaction between its genotype and the environment. Phenotypic traits can include physical attributes such as height, color, and shape, as well as behaviors and physiological properties. For example, a plant may have a genotype that allows it to grow tall, but if it is deprived of sunlight, its phenotype may be stunted growth.
In summary, the genotype is the genetic information (the blueprint), while phenotype is the expression of that information in the organism's observable traits. The relationship between genotype and phenotype is complex and can be influenced by environmental factors, gene interactions, and other variables.