The United States acquired Hawaii through a series of historical events that culminated in its annexation in 1898. Here are the key steps involved:
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Missionary Influence: In the early 19th century, American missionaries arrived in Hawaii, leading to significant cultural and economic changes. They played a crucial role in establishing schools and converting many Hawaiians to Christianity.
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Economic Interests: The sugar industry became a significant factor in Hawaii's economy. American planters established large sugar plantations, and many sought to secure favorable trade terms with the U.S. As sugar became a staple, American interests in Hawaii grew.
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Political Changes: In 1887, a constitutional monarchy was established under King Kalākaua, which limited the monarch's power and favored American businessmen. This period saw increased U.S. influence over Hawaiian affairs.
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Overthrow of the Monarchy: In 1893, a group of American and European businessmen, with the support of the U.S. government, orchestrated the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch. The coup led to the establishment of the Republic of Hawaii.
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Annexation: In 1898, during the Spanish-American War, the U.S. sought to establish a coaling station for its navy in the Pacific. The U.S. Congress passed the Newlands Resolution, which formally annexed Hawaii on July 7, 1898. Hawaii was later recognized as a U.S. territory in 1900 and eventually became the 50th state in 1959.
These events reflect a combination of economic, political, and military interests that led to the U.S. acquisition of Hawaii, which remains a significant chapter in both Hawaiian and American history.