The Supreme Court used its power of judicial review for the first time in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803). In this landmark decision, the Court asserted its authority to review acts of Congress and to declare them unconstitutional if they violated the Constitution. The case involved a political conflict between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, but more narrowly focused on the appointment of justices of the peace and whether the Supreme Court had the authority to issue writs of mandamus.
Among the provided options, the most accurate would be:
C. It resolved a power struggle between the two houses of Congress.
While this option may not fully encapsulate the broader context of the Federalist versus Democratic-Republican struggle, it is the closest to the conflict surrounding the case and its implications for the separation of powers within the government.