During James Monroe's presidency, the Supreme Court expanded the power of the federal government primarily through cases that established federal authority over economic matters and commerce. The most notable case was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), where the Court ruled that the federal government had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause, thereby reinforcing federal power to regulate the economy and establish a national bank.
Given the options you've provided, the most accurate response would be:
It gave the federal government power to regulate the economy.