The most accurate contribution of the study of the atom to our understanding of the periodic table of the elements is reflected in the following statement:
Elements are made of atoms, so understanding atoms provided information about elements, which led to the organization of the periodic table.
This statement encapsulates how the fundamental properties and behaviors of atoms, including their composition (protons, neutrons, electrons), arrangement of electrons (which determines chemical behavior), and interaction with other atoms, helped scientists classify and organize elements based on their similarities and periodic trends. This understanding directly influenced the structure of the periodic table, which groups elements with similar properties and trends in a meaningful way.