The Han government differed from the Qin government in several key ways. The Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) was characterized by a centralized, authoritarian rule under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who employed harsh laws and strict control over the population. The Qin government relied on Legalism, emphasizing strict adherence to laws and punishment, and it suppressed dissent and regional autonomy.
In contrast, the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) adopted a more moderated approach, incorporating Confucian ideals into government policy. The Han dynasty established a bureaucracy and promoted scholars over military leaders, valuing moral governance and education. This allowed for a broader consultation of ideas and more local autonomy compared to the Qin.
One of the most lasting contributions to China by the Han dynasty was the establishment of the Silk Road. On it, the Chinese received foreign goods, such as silk, spices, and other luxury items, and traded Chinese silk, porcelain, paper, and other valuable products. The Silk Road facilitated cultural and economic exchanges between China and other civilizations, significantly influencing trade and communication.
The civil service strengthened the Han empire because officials weren't allowed to serve in their home districts to prevent nepotism and corruption. By ensuring that officials were assigned far from their hometowns, the Han government aimed to diminish the chances of them favoring their personal interests or those of their families and at the same time, to improve governance by bringing in new perspectives to different regions. This approach also helped to create a more meritocratic system where the selection of officials was based on their abilities and knowledge rather than local connections.
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