The Agricultural Revolution led to an increase in the population primarily because it provided enough food to feed and grow the population. This era, which marked a significant transformation in agricultural practices (including the introduction of crop rotation, selective breeding of livestock, and new farming tools), resulted in higher yields and more reliable food supplies. As a consequence, people had access to a more stable and diverse food source, which reduced mortality rates, improved health, and allowed families to grow larger, ultimately leading to an increase in the overall population.
While the other options provided certain benefits, such as improved transportation, markets, or political stability, they were not the primary drivers of population growth in the context of the Agricultural Revolution.