1. Bribery: Public officials may request or accept bribes in exchange for providing services or granting favors to individuals or companies.
2. Embezzlement: Public sector employees may misuse public funds or resources for personal gain, through methods such as fake billing, inflated pricing, or kickbacks.
3. Nepotism: Public officials may favor hiring or promoting friends, family members, or individuals with personal connections rather than on merit.
4. Cronyism: Public officials may award government contracts or tenders to businesses owned by their associates or supporters, without following proper procedures or considering other bids.
5. Patronage: Public officials may provide benefits or resources to individuals or groups who support them politically, regardless of the actual needs or qualifications of the recipients.
6. Influence peddling: Public officials may use their positions of power to advance the interests of individuals, companies, or organizations that offer them financial or other incentives.
7. Fraud: Public sector employees may engage in fraudulent activities such as falsifying documents, misrepresenting information, or manipulating data to achieve personal gains.
8. Favoritism: Public officials may show favoritism towards certain groups or individuals, providing them with preferential treatment or opportunities while neglecting the needs of others.
9. Lack of transparency: Corruption in the public sector often thrives in environments where there is a lack of transparency and accountability, making it easier for unethical practices to go unnoticed or unchallenged.
10. Abuse of power: Public officials may abuse their authority for personal gain, engaging in activities such as intimidation, coercion, or harassment to maintain control and suppress dissent.
How corruption manifest itself in Public Sector
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