How are series and parallel circuits wired?

Answer 1

In a series circuit the current goes from the source through one device, then the next one, then the next one .....
In a parallel circuit, the current splits after leaving the source and part of it goes through one device, part through another .....

Answer 2

What are the parts of the battery and the function for each?

Answer 3

In general, batteries have an cathode (the + side), an anode (the - side) and an electrolyte (the medium the electrons move through inside the battery)