Antigens are produced by various cells in the body, including immune cells such as B cells and dendritic cells. These cells have the ability to recognize and respond to foreign substances, known as antigens, which enter the body.
When an antigen is encountered, immune cells engulf it and break it down into smaller fragments. These fragments are then presented on the surface of the immune cells in combination with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
This complex of antigen fragment and MHC molecule is recognized by other immune cells, such as T cells, which then activate and proliferate. This process triggers an immune response, leading to the production of specific antibodies against the antigen.
In addition, certain cells in the body, such as cancer cells or infected cells, may produce abnormal or altered proteins that are recognized as foreign by the immune system. These proteins can also act as antigens and generate an immune response.
• How antigens are produced
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