Here are the highlighted or underlined parts of the sentences as requested:
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Dependent Clause: Although the sun was just rising, the cat eagerly boarded the train.
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Independent Clause: Because he had heard stories of penguins from the other animals, the cat was excited to finally see them in person.
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Prepositional Phrase: The train chugged along the tracks, carrying the cat to the aquarium.
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Participial Phrase: Eyes wide with anticipation, he imagined the penguins waddling around their icy enclosure.
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Rewritten Sentence: The train whistle startled the cat, which was purring loudly.
Let me know if you need any further assistance!