Yes, you can time travel in Animal Crossing: New Horizons (ACNH) even early in the game, and it won't mess anything up. Many players time travel to speed up certain events, like getting Blathers' tent upgraded to the museum or having their house built.
Keep in mind, however, that time traveling can sometimes cause certain events, like turnip sales or seasonal events, to become out of sync with real-world time. But if you're just looking to progress the development of your island more quickly, there's no problem with it.
To time travel, simply adjust the date and time in your Nintendo Switch settings. Just be aware that if you try to go too far into the future, you might miss out on some seasonal content, so find a balance that works for you! Enjoy your new island adventure!