Harvard referencing is a form of in-text citation that is commonly used at Harvard University. It is also known as the author-date system because it includes the author's last name and the year of publication within the text.
In Harvard referencing, you include the author's last name and the publication year within parentheses immediately after the information you are citing. For example:
- One author: (Smith, 2010)
- Two authors: (Smith & Johnson, 2015)
- Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2020)
If there are multiple publications by the same author and year, you can differentiate them by adding lower-case letters after the year (e.g., Smith, 2010a; Smith, 2010b).
If you are directly quoting a source, you should also include the specific page number(s) in the in-text citation, preceded by "p." or "pp." For example: (Smith, 2010, p. 45)
If you mention the author's name within the text, you only need to include the publication year in parentheses. For example: According to Smith (2010),...
At the end of your paper, you should also provide a complete reference list that includes all the sources cited in your text, following the specific style guidelines for Harvard referencing (e.g., alphabetical order by author's last name, proper formatting for different types of sources).
It's important to note that specific formatting and citation guidelines may vary slightly depending on the discipline and style guide you are following (e.g., APA or MLA), so it's always best to consult the official guidelines or check with your instructor for any specific requirements.
Harvard in-text referencing
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