Guide Questions:

Question

1. What are the five perspectives on the origin of globalization.?
2. According to Friedman, what are the three areas of globalization.? Describe each.
3. What is the most important survival skill in today's globalized world.?

Answer 1

1. The five perspectives on the origin of globalization are:

- Political perspective: This perspective focuses on the role of governments and geopolitical factors in driving globalization. It argues that political events such as wars, treaties, and the formation of global organizations like the United Nations have played a crucial role in shaping globalization.

- Economic perspective: This perspective emphasizes the role of markets, trade, and economic integration in the origin of globalization. It argues that advancements in technology, transportation, and communications have facilitated the global exchange of goods, services, and capital, leading to increased interconnectedness.

- Technological perspective: This perspective highlights the impact of technological advancements, particularly in information and communication technologies, in driving globalization. It argues that innovations like the internet, mobile phones, and social media have accelerated the flow of information, created virtual global communities, and enabled faster and more efficient global transactions.

- Cultural perspective: This perspective focuses on the diffusion and exchange of cultural practices, ideas, and values as a key driver of globalization. It argues that the spread of media, entertainment, and cultural products, as well as increased migration and travel, have led to a blending and homogenization of cultures across the globe.

- Environmental perspective: This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependency of ecological systems and highlights the environmental consequences of globalization. It argues that global environmental challenges like climate change, deforestation, and pollution are rooted in the globalization of production, consumption, and resource exploitation.

2. According to Thomas Friedman, the three areas of globalization are:

- Globalization 1.0: This refers to the period from 1492 to around 1800, marked by the globalization of countries through the exploration and colonization of the New World. It was primarily driven by nations and their leaders.

- Globalization 2.0: This refers to the period from around 1800 to 2000, characterized by the globalization of companies and markets through the Industrial Revolution and advancements in transportation and communication technologies. It was primarily driven by multinational corporations.

- Globalization 3.0: This refers to the current phase of globalization, which began in the early 21st century and is characterized by the globalization of individuals and small groups empowered by technological advancements, particularly in information and communication technologies. It is driven by individuals and communities who can collaborate and compete globally on previously unimaginable scales.

3. According to many experts, adaptability is considered the most important survival skill in today's globalized world. In a rapidly changing and interconnected global environment, individuals and organizations need to be adaptable in order to thrive. This involves being open to new ideas and perspectives, being able to learn and unlearn quickly, embracing change, and having the ability to adjust and respond effectively to new circumstances and challenges. Adaptable individuals and organizations are better equipped to seize opportunities and navigate the complex and constantly evolving global landscape.