Growth hormones (GH) are known to increase blood glucose levels through various mechanisms, including decreasing glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue, reducing glucose utilization, and stimulating gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates).
However, GH also has certain effects on pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for insulin secretion. GH enhances insulin synthesis and secretion by directly stimulating beta cells in the pancreas. It increases the number and size of beta cells, promotes insulin release in response to high blood glucose levels, and enhances the sensitivity of beta cells to glucose.
Additionally, GH stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the liver and other tissues. IGF-1 is structurally similar to insulin and has insulin-like actions. It can enhance the effects of insulin and improve glucose uptake by cells.
Overall, while GH primarily increases blood glucose levels, it also has a stimulatory effect on insulin secretion and action. These combined effects help maintain glucose homeostasis in the body.
growth hormones increase blood glucose level but how can it increase insulin secretion
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