To address rapidly rising government expenses, the most effective strategy among the provided options would generally be to make cuts to defense and education spending, and then increase tax rates to reduce the effect of increasing expenses in the federal government.
This approach focuses on both reducing expenditures in certain areas while also increasing revenue through tax hikes, aiming for a balanced solution to the fiscal challenge posed by rising expenses.
The other options either increase expenditures (like increasing entitlement payouts) or propose measures that could exacerbate fiscal stress rather than alleviate it.