a. This is a universal theme. It is universal because it explores the fundamental struggle between good and evil that resonates across cultures and historical contexts. Tolkien's portrayal of the Fellowship of the Ring, composed of diverse characters from various races and backgrounds, working together to defeat the dark forces led by Sauron, reflects the enduring human experience of choosing between moral paths. The virtues of courage, friendship, and sacrifice embodied by the members of the Fellowship are qualities that can be appreciated and aspired to by individuals in any time or culture. The conflict between good and evil invites readers to reflect on their own moral choices and the broader implications of their actions.
b. This is a theme because it is specific and can only occur in fantasy. While Tolkien's work contains elements unique to the fantasy genre, such as mythical creatures, epic quests, and magical artifacts, the battle between good and evil is not exclusive to this genre. However, Tolkien's narrative style, world-building, and character development bring a unique depth to the theme. The rich lore and detailed setting of Middle-earth serve as a backdrop for exploring this moral dichotomy, highlighting how fantastical elements can amplify the stakes of the struggle while still addressing deep-seated human concerns about power, corruption, and redemption. Thus, while rooted in fantasy, the theme of good versus evil reaches beyond the genre's confines by tapping into universal moral questions that can resonate with readers from all walks of life.
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