Give two reasons why it is difficult for scientists to predict exactly how the climate will change in the future?

Answer 1

For scientists to predict outcome of events, they need
1. a sound and proven theory on how the events evolve according to all major parameters.
2. ability to collect all pertinent information (on parameters).
Assuming such events are predictable.

Unfortunately, we are in the relatively early stages of forming theories on weather and climate patterns, much less on climatic changes. We are in the process of exploring which factors (parameters) affect most climatic changes, rather than how they affect outcome.

In addition, the cost to collect comprehensive data in order to provide an accurate prediction is unaffordable, so scientists have to be content with currently available and historical data.

For all these reasons, our current predictions are the best to our knowledge, and could be evolving every day as new information emerges.