Genetic Mutations Produce Variation Quick Check

Question

1 of 51 of 5 Items
Question
Which evidence best supports the claim that mutations are a source of inheritable genetic variation?(1 point)
Responses

Mutations affect protein synthesis which impacts the way traits are expressed.
Mutations affect protein synthesis which impacts the way traits are expressed.

Mutations affect the way DNA is created through transcription.
Mutations affect the way DNA is created through transcription.

Mutations can only happen during meiosis because genes are inherited.
Mutations can only happen during meiosis because genes are inherited.

Mutations are not inheritable from gametes because they are given from each parent.
Mutations are not inheritable from gametes because they are given from each parent.
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Answer 1

The evidence that best supports the claim that mutations are a source of inheritable genetic variation is:

Mutations affect protein synthesis which impacts the way traits are expressed.

This response highlights the direct relationship between mutations and the expression of traits, indicating how these changes can be passed on to the next generation if they occur in germ cells (gametes).

Answer 2

Use the diagram to answer the question.



What type of mutation error has occurred to cause the disorder shown?(1 point)
Responses

substitution
substitution

deletion
deletion

frameshift
frameshift

insertion
insertion
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Answer 3

To determine the type of mutation that has occurred leading to a genetic disorder based on a diagram, we would typically look for indications of how the DNA sequence is altered. Here’s how to differentiate between the options you’ve provided:

1. Substitution: This mutation occurs when one base is replaced by another. It can lead to a change in a single amino acid in a protein.

2. Deletion: This involves the removal of one or more bases in the DNA sequence, which can lead to a missing segment of protein.

3. Frameshift: This mutation happens when bases are added or removed (not in multiples of three), shifting the reading frame of the genetic code. This often results in the production of an entirely different protein.

4. Insertion: This involves adding one or more bases into the DNA sequence, which can also lead to a frameshift if not in multiples of three.

Without seeing the actual diagram, the distinction between a frameshift mutation and a substitution would be crucial. If the shift in amino acids or the entire reading frame is altered and results in a larger impact on the protein, then the mutation is likely a frameshift. If a single base is swapped out, then it would be a substitution.

If you can describe the diagram or give more context, I could provide a more accurate answer. However, based on typical interpretations, select frameshift if there is evidence of a significant change throughout the sequence.

Answer 4

Examine the two strands of DNA below. Which kind of mutation occurred?

Original strand: AGC GTA CCC TAC

New strand: AGC GTA ACC TAC

(1 point)
Responses

substitution
substitution

frameshift
frameshift

insertion
insertion

deletion
deletion

Answer 5

To determine the type of mutation that has occurred in the provided DNA strands, we need to compare the original strand to the new strand:

• Original strand: AGC GTA CCC TAC
• New strand: AGC GTA ACC TAC

In the comparison, we see that the third codon in the original strand ("CCC") has changed to "ACC" in the new strand. This indicates that one base (C) has been replaced with another base (A) in that specific position, resulting in the mutation.

Given this information, the correct answer is:

Substitution

This mutation is a substitution because one nucleotide (C) in the original sequence is replaced by another nucleotide (A) in the new sequence.

Answer 6

Millions of years ago, the ancestors of giraffes had short necks and used to eat leaves from the bushes on the ground. A genetic mutation caused one giraffe's neck to be taller. This long-necked giraffe was able to eat leaves that were higher up on trees. This gave it an advantage as it was able to access more food than other giraffes. Over millions of years, all of the giraffes became long-necked. Which type of environmental factor caused this mutation to be inherited? (1 point)
Responses

exercise requirement
exercise requirement

polluted environment
polluted environment

radiation exposure
radiation exposure

food availability
food availability
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Answer 7

The scenario describes how a genetic mutation in one giraffe resulted in a longer neck, which then provided an advantage in accessing food higher up in trees. This advantage allowed the long-necked giraffe to survive and reproduce, leading to the prevalence of long necks in the population over time.

The type of environmental factor that drove this change is related to the ability to access food. Therefore, the correct response is:

food availability

This factor influenced which giraffes had a reproductive advantage, ultimately leading to the inheritance of the mutation for longer necks.

Answer 8

What is one way that a frameshift mutation could occur? (1 point)
Responses

three nucleotides are deleted
three nucleotides are deleted

three nucleotides are inserted
three nucleotides are inserted

two nucleotides are deleted
two nucleotides are deleted

two nucleotides are substituted

Answer 9

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from a DNA sequence in a number that is not a multiple of three. This shift changes the reading frame of the codons in the mRNA and can significantly alter the resulting protein.

Among the provided options, the one that could cause a frameshift mutation is:

two nucleotides are deleted

This is because deleting two nucleotides will shift the reading frame of the genetic code, affecting all subsequent codons.