The factor that contributes to Ellen's level of job dissatisfaction, as identified by Frederick Herzberg, would be:
B. Hygiene factors
Hygiene factors refer to aspects of the work environment that can lead to dissatisfaction if they are inadequate or absent, such as company policies, supervision, salary, interpersonal relations, and working conditions. In contrast, motivators are factors that can increase job satisfaction, such as meaningful work, recognition, and opportunities for advancement.