The most directly helpful approach towards constructing a device that uses a chemical reaction to either release or absorb thermal energy is Martha's plan.
Martha is going to mix two chemicals together and measure their temperature to see if it changes. This approach allows her to directly observe the thermal energy changes associated with the chemical reaction, which is essential for understanding whether the reaction absorbs or releases heat.
In contrast, Ali's measuring mass and Jouri's reading about the law of conservation of mass do not directly address thermal energy changes, and Seojun's sorting based on color is not relevant to the task.