Four students complete the table below, ranking states of matter by potential energy. Which student is correct?

Question

(1 point)
Responses

Lucas
Lucas

Henry
Henry

Tasha
Tasha

Jasmine

Answer 1

To determine which student is correct regarding the ranking of states of matter by potential energy, we should consider the energy levels associated with solids, liquids, and gases. Generally, the ranking is as follows:

1. Gas - has the highest potential energy due to the large distances between molecules and the freedom of movement.
2. Liquid - has moderate potential energy, as the molecules are closer together than in gases, but still have some freedom of movement.
3. Solid - has the lowest potential energy because the molecules are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement.

Based on this understanding, the correct ranking of states of matter by potential energy should be:

1. Gas (highest)
2. Liquid (medium)
3. Solid (lowest)

Please provide the rankings from each student (Lucas, Henry, Tasha, and Jasmine) so I can determine which student is correct.

Answer 2

Jasmine adds varying amounts of ice to samples of water. Which conclusion can she draw from her experiment?(1 point)
Responses

As ice added decreases, the water temperature decreases.
As ice added decreases, the water temperature decreases.

As water temperature increases, the water molecules’ kinetic energy decreases.
As water temperature increases, the water molecules’ kinetic energy decreases.

As water temperature decreases, the water molecules’ kinetic energy increases.​​​​​​​
As water temperature decreases, the water molecules’ kinetic energy increases. ​​​​​​​

As ice added increases, the change in water temperature increases.

Answer 3

To analyze Jasmine's experiment of adding varying amounts of ice to samples of water, we need to understand the relationship between the amount of ice added, the water's temperature, and the kinetic energy of the water molecules.

1. As ice added decreases, the water temperature decreases. - This statement implies that if less ice is added, the temperature would drop, which is generally not true. Adding ice typically lowers the water temperature.

2. As water temperature increases, the water molecules’ kinetic energy decreases. - This statement is incorrect because an increase in temperature corresponds to an increase in the kinetic energy of the water molecules.

3. As water temperature decreases, the water molecules’ kinetic energy increases. - This statement is also incorrect; if the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules would decrease as well.

4. As ice added increases, the change in water temperature increases. - This is a logical conclusion. As more ice is added, it absorbs heat from the water, which leads to a decrease in water temperature. Therefore, the change in temperature (the drop in temperature) increases with more ice added.

Based on this analysis, the correct conclusion Jasmine can draw from her experiment is:

As ice added increases, the change in water temperature increases.

Answer 4

A student puts different numbers of ice cubes into four separate containers of water. She calculates the change in temperature in each container after half an hour. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?(1 point)
Responses

Final water temperature
Final water temperature

Number of ice cubes added
Number of ice cubes added

Time elapsed
Time elapsed

Initial water temperature

Answer 5

In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor that is changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable.

In this case, the student is varying the number of ice cubes added to different containers of water. Therefore, the independent variable is:

Number of ice cubes added.

The other options are as follows:

• Final water temperature is the dependent variable, as it is the outcome being measured.
• Time elapsed is kept constant (half an hour), so it does not vary in this experiment.
• Initial water temperature is a condition that may affect the final temperature but is not what the student is manipulating.

So the correct answer is Number of ice cubes added.

Answer 6

Joshua fills one large container with cold water Then he fills a small container with hot water and red food coloring, and seals it with a lid. Next, he puts the small container into the large container and removes the lid of the small container. He observes the red colored water from the small container rising up to the top of the cold water. Which two statements explain why this happens?(1 point)
Responses

because the hot water has the same density as the cold water
because the hot water has the same density as the cold water

because the hot water molecules move faster than those of cold water
because the hot water molecules move faster than those of cold water

because the hot water is less dense than the cold water
because the hot water is less dense than the cold water

because the hot water molecules move as fast as those of cold water
because the hot water molecules move as fast as those of cold water

because the hot water is more dense than the cold water

Answer 7

When Joshua puts the small container of hot water and red food coloring into the cold water, the red-colored water rises to the top of the cold water. This phenomenon can be explained primarily by the differences in density and molecular motion between hot and cold water.

The correct statements that explain why the red-colored hot water rises to the top of the cold water are:

1. because the hot water molecules move faster than those of cold water. - This is true because the kinetic energy of the molecules in the hot water is greater, causing them to move more rapidly.

2. because the hot water is less dense than the cold water. - Hot water is less dense than cold water, which allows it to rise to the surface when the lid is removed.

Thus, the two correct statements are:

• because the hot water molecules move faster than those of cold water.
• because the hot water is less dense than the cold water.

Answer 8

When hot water is added to cold water. In which direction does the heat energy move(1 point)
Responses

Equivalent amounts of heat energy move in both directions.
Equivalent amounts of heat energy move in both directions.

The heat energy moves from the cold water into the hot water.
The heat energy moves from the cold water into the hot water.

No heat energy moves, as it all remains in the hot water.
No heat energy moves, as it all remains in the hot water.

The heat energy moves from the hot water into the cold water.
The heat energy moves from the hot water into the cold water.

Answer 9

When hot water is added to cold water, the heat energy will always move from the hotter object to the colder object until thermal equilibrium is reached. Therefore, the correct response is:

The heat energy moves from the hot water into the cold water.

This is due to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat flows naturally from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

Answer 10

If a mixture of different gases is heated, it rises to the top of its container. Which statement best explains this result?(1 point)
Responses

Heated gases have lower kinetic energy and higher density.
Heated gases have lower kinetic energy and higher density.

Heated gases have higher kinetic energy and decreased density.
Heated gases have higher kinetic energy and decreased density.

Heated gases have lower kinetic energy and lower density.
Heated gases have lower kinetic energy and lower density.

Heated gases have higher kinetic energy and higher density.

Answer 11

When a mixture of different gases is heated, the molecules in the gases gain kinetic energy, which causes them to move faster. As the gases heat up, they expand, leading to a decrease in density. This is why heated gases tend to rise in a container filled with cooler gases.

Therefore, the correct statement that best explains this result is:

Heated gases have higher kinetic energy and decreased density.

This accurately reflects that heated gases move faster (higher kinetic energy) and become less dense than the cooler gases around them, causing them to rise.