To effectively match the causes and effects from the ancient civilizations in Africa based on your provided points, here are the pairings:
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Cause: The east African coast was easily accessible to Arab traders and a lot of evidence still exists today. Effect: Traders along the Indian Ocean were impacted by the physical geography and stopped in ports.
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Cause: As the global economy changed in the 17th century, European countries began infiltrating Africa. Effect: The once powerful African empires continued to be impacted by the European powers not only economically but also by the cultures that they brought with them.
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Cause: West Africa was also impacted by the spread of Islam. Effect: Traditional African religions and Islam became very common in early African societies.
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Cause: Berbers discovered that camels could cover greater distances than other pack animals and could travel up to ten days without water. Effect: Nomads found new routes across the desert and trade increased.
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Cause: Trade with the Middle East and Africa. Effect: Many African societies would wear amulets to show that they were Muslim converts.
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Cause: West African empires made much of their wealth by exporting salt. Effect: Due to an economy built on exporting salt, it allowed places like Timbuktu to import books.
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Cause: Cultural diffusion occurred with the sharing and combining of cultural ideas and religion. Effect: Swahili is a mixture of Arabic and African languages.
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Cause: Mansa Musa, leader of Mali, practiced Islam and went on a Hajj to Mecca. Effect: Today, Christianity is the most practiced religion in Africa (This may not be a direct effect of Mansa Musa's actions alone, but reflects the religious influence in Africa as a whole due to interactions initiated by leaders like him).
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Cause: The Kingdom of Congo lost control of the slave trade and stability. Effect: The Kingdom of Congo lost its power to extract resources.
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Cause: Asian economies grew from these markets. Effect: Economic interactions between Africa and Asia developed through trade networks.
These matchings reflect the interconnected causes and effects that shaped ancient African civilizations.