Here's a matching of the causes to their corresponding effects based on the information provided about ancient civilizations in Africa:
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West African Empires made much of their wealth by exporting salt.
Effect: Due to an economy built on exporting salt, it allowed places like Timbuktu to import books. -
Berbers discovered that camels could cover greater distances than other pack animals and could travel up to ten days without water.
Effect: Nomads found new routes across the desert and trade increased. -
Traditional African Religions and Islam became very common in early African societies.
Effect: Many African societies would wear amulets to show that they were Muslim converts. -
The once powerful African Empires continued to be impacted by the European powers, not only economically, but also by the cultures that they brought with them.
Effect: As the global economy changed in the 17th century, European countries began infiltrating Africa. -
Traders along the Indian Ocean were impacted by the physical geography and stopped in ports.
Effect: The East African Coast was easily accessible to Arab traders and a lot of evidence still exists today. -
West Africa was also impacted by the spread of Islam.
Effect: Swahili is a mixture of Arabic and African languages (as it represents cultural diffusion, part of the impact of Islamic spread). -
Mansa Musa, leader of Mali, practiced Islam and went on a Hajj to Mecca.
Effect: Cultural diffusion occurred with the sharing and combining of cultural ideas and religion. -
The Kingdom of Kongo lost control of the slave trade and the Swahili coast lost its power to extract resources.
Effect: Today, Christianity is the most practiced religion in Africa (reflecting the significant long-term impact of these changes). -
North and South Africa are mainly isolated from one another due to their desert locations and the dense rainforests that exist in central Africa.
Effect: Traders were impacted by geographical isolation, which influenced trade patterns. -
Asian Economies grew from these markets.
Effect: Trade with the Middle East and Africa.
Feel free to ask if you have any further questions or need clarifications on specific points!