For each statement below, indicate which of Newton's Three Laws the statement represents. (7 points)

Question

Newton's 1st Law Newton's 2nd Law Newton's 3rd Law
When riding the bumper cars at the fair, you bump into your friend and your car bounces backwards.

A ball is rolling straight across the floor until Bradley kicks it.

A bowling ball and a baseball both roll across your foot at the same speed. The bowling ball hurts much more.

Your car breaks down. As your friends help you push it, it begins to move and speed up.

A fireman turns on his hose and is knocked backwards.

A soccer ball will not move until a player kicks it.

F = ma

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Answer 1

Here are the statements matched with Newton's Three Laws:

1. When riding the bumper cars at the fair, you bump into your friend and your car bounces backwards.
   Newton's 3rd Law (For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.)

2. A ball is rolling straight across the floor until Bradley kicks it.
   Newton's 1st Law (An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.)

3. A bowling ball and a baseball both roll across your foot at the same speed. The bowling ball hurts much more.
   Newton's 2nd Law (The effect of mass and acceleration on force; the bowling ball has more mass.)

4. Your car breaks down. As your friends help you push it, it begins to move and speed up.
   Newton's 2nd Law (F = ma; the force applied by your friends causes the car to accelerate.)

5. A fireman turns on his hose and is knocked backwards.
   Newton's 3rd Law (The action of water being expelled from the hose results in an equal and opposite reaction on the fireman.)

6. A soccer ball will not move until a player kicks it.
   Newton's 1st Law (An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.)

7. F = ma
   Newton's 2nd Law (This is the mathematical formulation of Newton’s Second Law, which relates force to mass and acceleration.)

Answer 2

A roller coaster begins at the top of a hill. If it accelerates at the rate of 2 m/s and has a mass of 2000 kg, what net force is acting on it? (Force=mass x acceleration)(1 point)
Responses

0.001 N
0.001 N

0.5 N
0.5 N

4000 N
4000 N

1000 N

Answer 3

To calculate the net force acting on the roller coaster, you can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that Force (F) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a):

\[ F = m \times a \]

Given:

• Mass (m) = 2000 kg
• Acceleration (a) = 2 m/s²

Now plug in the values:

\[ F = 2000 , \text{kg} \times 2 , \text{m/s²} = 4000 , \text{N} \]

So, the net force acting on the roller coaster is 4000 N.

Answer 4

Matt is walking at 1.25 miles per hour to the east. Jaime is walking at 1.25 miles per hour to the south. Which statement describes the movement of Matt and Jaime?(1 point)
Responses

They have the same speed and the same velocity.
They have the same speed and the same velocity.

They have different speeds but the same velocity.
They have different speeds but the same velocity.

They have different speeds and different velocities.
They have different speeds and different velocities.

They have the same speed but different velocities.

Answer 5

The correct statement is:

They have the same speed but different velocities.

Explanation:

• Both Matt and Jaime are walking at the same speed of 1.25 miles per hour.
• However, they are moving in different directions (Matt is going east and Jaime is going south), which means their velocities are different.

Velocity is a vector quantity, which includes both speed and direction. Since their directions differ, they have different velocities.

Answer 6

What does a horizontal line on a position-time graph indicate about the object?

(1 point)
Responses

The object is accelerating.
The object is accelerating.

The object remains still.
The object remains still.

The object has a constant, nonzero velocity.
The object has a constant, nonzero velocity.

The object has a position of zero.

Answer 7

The correct response is:

The object remains still.

Explanation:

A horizontal line on a position-time graph indicates that the position of the object does not change over time. Therefore, the object is at rest and remains still.

Answer 8

In which situation would the momentum of a moving object increase? (1 point)
Responses

A new force acts on the object, opposing the object's motion.

Displaying Screenshot 2024-08-26 110212.png

A new force acts on the object, opposing the object's motion. Image with alt text: Displaying Screenshot 2024-08-26 110212.png

Two forces of equal magnitude act on the object in opposite directions.

Screenshot 2024-08-26 110219.png

Two forces of equal magnitude act on the object in opposite directions. Image with alt text: Screenshot 2024-08-26 110219.png

A force acting in the direction of the object's motion is removed from the object.

Screenshot 2024-08-26 110222.png

A force acting in the direction of the object's motion is removed from the object. Image with alt text: Screenshot 2024-08-26 110222.png

A force acting in the direction opposite the object's motion is removed from the object.

Displaying image-removebg-preview (2).png

Answer 9

The correct response is:

A force acting in the direction opposite the object's motion is removed from the object.

Explanation:

• When a force that opposes the motion of the object is removed, the net force acting on the object increases in the direction of its motion. This can lead to an increase in its velocity, and since momentum is the product of mass and velocity (momentum = mass × velocity), the momentum of the object will increase.

Answer 10

Steven is trying out for the position of pitcher on the baseball team. He can throw the baseball fast! The coach has clocked some of his pitches at 85 mph. Some of Steven's friends decided to play a joke on him and replaced one of the baseballs with one that they tampered with. Instead of a mass of 145 grams, the boys added a lead weight so the mass is now 200 grams. Steven winds up and throws.

All of the statements describe the possible results of this scenario except one. Which statement is an inaccurate explanation?

(1 point)
Responses

Steven must throw the new ball with more force in order for it to achieve the same speed as previous throws.
Steven must throw the new ball with more force in order for it to achieve the same speed as previous throws.

The difference in the mass is not significant and will not affect the force needed to throw the ball 85 mph.
The difference in the mass is not significant and will not affect the force needed to throw the ball 85 mph.

Since force equals mass times acceleration, Steven’s throwing force must increase to throw the ball 85 mph.
Since force equals mass times acceleration, Steven’s throwing force must increase to throw the ball 85 mph.

If Steven’s throwing force is constant and the ball’s mass increases, the rate of acceleration will be less.
If Steven’s throwing force is constant and the ball’s mass increases, the rate of acceleration will be less.
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Answer 11

The inaccurate explanation among the statements is:

The difference in the mass is not significant and will not affect the force needed to throw the ball 85 mph.

Explanation:

In reality, the increase in mass from 145 grams to 200 grams is significant enough that it will affect the force needed to achieve the same speed. According to Newton's second law (F = ma), if the mass increases while trying to maintain the same speed, a greater force is required to achieve that speed. Therefore, saying that the difference in mass is not significant is inaccurate.