A lesson about life that is taught in a text is the theme. It can also be called the message (in fiction), central message, or moral of a story.
Something that people write about. The subject of a text or story, able to be stated in just one or two words is the topic.
A sentence with one subject and one predicate that expresses one complete thought is called a simple sentence.
The person, place, or thing (who or what) a sentence is about is the subject.
The part of the sentence that tells about the subject is the predicate.
A hint in a text that helps a reader figure out the meaning of a word or phrase is a context clue.
A group of words that does not express a complete thought is a sentence fragment.
To say or write something in your own words/voice is to paraphrase. This does not mean to shorten the text, and is typically only done with a sentence or short paragraph.
A sentence made up of two simple sentences is a compound sentence.
A connecting word that joins words and phrases together is a conjunction.
A sentence where two simple sentences are not joined correctly is a run-on sentence.
What a text is mostly about is the central idea. This can also be called the main idea.
The ability to read naturally and with ease is fluency.
To briefly retell what a story is about using only the most important details, or to briefly retell a text’s main events and details is to summarize.
The pieces of information that back up a central (main) idea are supporting details. These are also called key details.