In "Facing East from Indian Country," one prominent group of Indigenous peoples explored is the Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Haudenosaunee. This alliance, consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and later the Tuscarora tribes, is distinct not only for its political structure but also for its cultural practices and social organization.
A key element of the Iroquois community is their complex political system, which centers around the concept of consensus and collective decision-making. The Great Law of Peace, which governs their interactions, emphasizes unity among the tribes and establishes a framework for governance that is highly democratic for its time. This structure contrasts with European models of governance that often emphasized a top-down hierarchy.
Additionally, the matrilineal nature of Iroquois society is another distinctive element, where lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother's line. This aspect profoundly shapes their social structure, as women play significant roles in decision-making and community leadership. As stated in the module text, “The Iroquois League exemplified both a sophisticated political system and a deeply embedded view of community that prioritized the voices and roles of women.”
Moreover, the Iroquois are noted for their rich traditions in storytelling, art, and agricultural practices, particularly the cultivation of the Three Sisters—corn, beans, and squash—which are central to their diet and culture. These unique cultural practices and governance structures continue to be a significant part of Iroquois identity and resilience in contemporary society.