Explain the role of the Continental Congress in the formation of the U.S. Constitution.

Answer 1

The Continental Congress played a significant role in the formation of the U.S. Constitution. The Congress, which consisted of delegates from the thirteen colonies, functioned as the governing body during the American Revolution and the period of the Articles of Confederation.

1. Declaration of Independence: In 1776, the Continental Congress drafted and adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring the colonies' intent to separate from British rule. This document served as a foundational statement of principles and laid the groundwork for the formation of a new government.

2. Articles of Confederation: Following the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress established the Articles of Confederation as the first national constitution. However, the Articles had several weaknesses that led to a weak central government and created numerous challenges in areas such as taxation, commerce, and national defense.

3. Constitutional Convention: Recognizing the need for a stronger national government, the Continental Congress authorized the convening of the Constitutional Convention in 1787. This convention, held in Philadelphia, was attended by delegates from twelve states (Rhode Island abstained). The Congress played a crucial role in calling for the convention and setting its purpose, aiming to revise the Articles of Confederation.

4. Federal Convention: Although the Continental Congress did not have direct involvement in the Federal Convention, it was the existing governing body that authorized and directed the process. The Congress appointed delegates to represent their respective states and empowered them to deliberate and propose revisions to the existing system of government. Therefore, the Continental Congress indirectly influenced the formation of the Constitution through its authorization of the convention.

5. Ratification: After the Constitutional Convention, it was the Continental Congress that sent the proposed Constitution to the states for ratification. The Congress recognized that the new Constitution required the approval of the state legislatures or specially-elected ratification conventions in order to take effect.

In summary, the Continental Congress played multiple roles in the formation of the U.S. Constitution. It declared independence, established the Articles of Confederation, authorized the Constitutional Convention, initiated the process of drafting a new constitution, and sent it for ratification. While direct involvement in the Convention was limited, the Continental Congress was the essential precursor to the formation and adoption of the Constitution.