1. Longer chain means more tangling of the chain is possible.
Look up IM forces in the text or on the web and try the other two yourself.
explain the difference in melting point in terms of intermolecular forces involved:
1) Hexane(C6H14) m.p. = -96*C) vs octadecane(C18H38) m.p. = 28 - 30*C)
2) toluene((Ph-CH3) m.p. = 5.5*C) vs benzoic acid((Ph-CO2H) m.p. = 122.4*C)
3) benzoic acid((Ph-CO2H) m.p. = 122.4*C ) vs sodium benzoate((Ph-CO2Na) m.p. = 300*C)
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