Axons and dendrites are two distinct parts of a nerve cell, also known as a neuron, and they play different roles in the transmission of electrical signals within the nervous system.
Dendrites are the branch-like extensions that protrude from the cell body of the neuron. Their primary function is to receive electrical signals, or information, from other neurons and transmit it towards the cell body. Dendrites contain numerous receptor sites called synapses, where they can receive chemical signals from other neurons. These synapses allow dendrites to receive and process information from multiple sources simultaneously. In essence, dendrites act as input receivers for the neuron.
On the other hand, axons are long and singular extensions that transmit electrical signals away from the cell body of the neuron. They are responsible for carrying the processed information from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands in the body. Axons are covered by a fatty substance known as myelin, which acts as an insulating layer to enhance the speed of signal transmission. Axons can vary in length; some may be short, while others can be quite long, allowing for the efficient transmission of information across large distances.
In summary, dendrites are responsible for receiving and processing incoming information, while axons transmit the processed information to other neurons or effector cells. This division of labor between dendrites and axons allows for the efficient communication and functioning of the nervous system.
Explain the difference between axons and dendrites in a nerve cell.
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