explain the diffent faces then link the positive and negetive faces of politeness according to Brown and Levinsons

Answer 1

Brown and Levinson proposed a theory of politeness that includes both positive and negative face needs in communication. Positive face refers to the desire to be liked, approved of, and respected by others, while negative face refers to the desire for freedom and autonomy.

Positive face politeness strategies involve behaviors that enhance the positive image of the speaker and show respect for the feelings and beliefs of others. These may include using polite language, showing interest in the other person's opinions, and giving compliments.

Negative face politeness strategies, on the other hand, are aimed at minimizing threats to the other person's autonomy and freedom. This may involve using indirect language to make requests, apologizing for inconveniencing others, and giving the other person the opportunity to say no without feeling pressured.

The positive and negative faces of politeness are interconnected, as both are necessary for effective communication. When individuals use positive face politeness strategies, they are showing respect for the other person's feelings and beliefs, which can help preserve their positive face. Similarly, negative face politeness strategies can help protect the other person's autonomy and freedom, which can contribute to maintaining positive face in the interaction.

In summary, Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness highlights the importance of balancing positive and negative face needs in communication to maintain respectful and effective interactions.