1. Confirmation Bias: This is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while ignoring or dismissing information that contradicts them. For example, if someone believes that all politicians are corrupt, they may only pay attention to news stories that portray politicians in a negative light and ignore any stories that show politicians in a positive or neutral light.
2. Availability Heuristic: This bias involves making judgments based on information that is readily available in one's memory, rather than on a more accurate or comprehensive assessment of the situation. For example, if someone hears about a rare and dramatic incident of violence in their city, they may start to believe that their city is unsafe, despite crime statistics showing that the incident was an anomaly.
3. Hostile Attribution Bias: This bias involves interpreting ambiguous behavior from others as hostile or aggressive, even when there is no clear evidence to support this interpretation. For example, if someone receives a curt email from a colleague, they may assume that the colleague is intentionally being rude, rather than considering that the colleague may be busy or stressed. This bias can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts in interpersonal relationships.
Explain the 3 hostile cognitive biases and give examples
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